D-Bus (Desktop Bus) is an IPC message-passing system for desktop applications. Xdg-desktop-portal exposes a series of D-Bus interfaces for desktop utilities such as:
Overall a good portion of stuff a desktop application would be interested in. Plus, although its initial use was exposing these interfaces for Flatpak applications, it also includes stuff required for Wayland such as screencasting and screenshots.
The system dbus already exists so far (though without text documentation AFAIK). For the desktop portal, I only see a single CL snippet that references a portal protocol, in the GTK+3 CFFI file chooser source code.